Notes

1. U.S. laws are posted on the Project website.

2. "Free the Doctor",Globe and Mail, 18 May, 1965. Quoted in de Valk, Alphonse, Morality and Law in Canadian Politics: The Abortion Controversy. Dorval, Quebec: Palm Publishers, 1974, p. 18

3. "Now the job is to be done, let it be done right", Globe and Mail, 21 December, 1967. Quoted in de Valk, supra, p. 56

4. Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, Appendix "QQ": Brief submitted by the Catholic Hospital Association of Canada . . . on the Matter of Abortion. February, 1968, P. 679, paragraph 19.

5. Quoted in de Valk, supra, p. 44-45

6. Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, Appendix "SS": Canadian Welfare Council Statement on Abortion to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Health and Welfare. February, 1968, p. 707

7. Standing Committee on Health and Welfare, Minutes of Proceedings and Evidence, Appendix "QQ": Brief submitted by the Catholic Hospital Association of Canada . . . on the Matter of Abortion. February, 1968, p. 676

8. A sub-amendment was added to the original amendment. This paraphrase reflects the effect of both. See Hansard-Commons Debates, April 28, 1969, p. 8056, 8063

9. Hansard- Commons Debates, 28 April, 1969, p. 8069

10. Ibid, p. 8058-8059

11. Hansard- Commons Debates, 28 April, 1969, p. 8087. Senator Haidasz had long since achieved a strong pro-life reputation.

12. Hordern, Anthony, Legal Abortion: The English Experience. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1971, p.105, 129

13. "The Abortion Act (1967): findings of an inquiry into the first year's working of the Act conducted by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists", British Medical Journal 2:529-35(1970). Cited in Hordern, supra, p. 212-213.

14. British Medical Journal, June 26, 1971. Cited in de Valk, supra, p.140-141

15. Quoted in de Valk, supra, p. 141

16. Walley, R.L., "Question of Conscience". Paper presented at The Future of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: The Fundamental Right To Practice and be Trained According to Conscience. World Federation of Catholic Medical Associations (FIAMC) and by MaterCare International (MCI). Sponsored by the Pontifical Council for the Health Pastoral Care ROME, June 17th-20th, 2001. MaterCare provides obstetrical care for poor countries, including treatments for obstetric fistula and post-partum hemorrhage, midwife training, and emergency transport with blood transfusion, and undertakes fundraising for projects like the construction of a birth trauma centre in West Africa.

17. Wardle, Lynn D. J.D, "Protecting the Rights of Conscience of Health Care Providers." The Journal of Legal Medicine, 14:177-230, 1993. [Review]

18. de Valk, supra, p. 137.

19. Globe and Mail, 18 January 1974. Quoted in de Valk, supra, p. 137

20. Western Catholic Reporter, Edmonton, 25 July, 1971. Cited in de Valk, supra, p. 140

21. Murphy, Sean, Nurse Refused Employment, Forced to Resign: A Two Tiered System of Civil Rights.

22. Murphy, Sean, Bishop protests on behalf of nurses: Health care consolidation generates conflict.

23. Ko, Marnie, "Personal Qualms Don't Count: Foothills Hospital Now Forces Nurses To Participate In Genetic Terminations." Alberta Report, April 12, 1999.

24. Murphy, Sean,"Insubordination".

25. Kennedy, Frank, "Sweeney Defends Firings:Transition house workers fired, denied benefits for 'misconduct'". The Interim, March, 1989

26. Edwards, Greg J., General practice docs and obstetrics.

27. Murphy, Sean, Conscience or Contempt of Court? Court orders abortion of woman.

28.Bill S-11 (Senators Haidasz & Perrault). The Senate of Canada.

29. Bill C-253 (Don Boudria, M.P.). House of Commons of Canada.

30.Bill C-246 (Maurice Vellacott, M.P.) House of Commons of Canada.

31.Bill 212 (Julius Yankowsky, M.L.A.) Alberta Legislature.

32. Draft Bill (1998) Ontario Legislature.

33. Nathanson, Bernard N., The Hand of God: A Journey from Death to Life by the Abortion Doctor Who Changed His Mind. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, 1996, p. 79-80

34. "Over 43% of doctors would not continue a TOP at the threatened stage but would manage the woman conservatively. After confirming fetal viability, and being satisfied that the woman was not actively bleeding and was hemodynamically stable, she could be discharged with analgesia with a view to return to her antenatal or gynaecology clinic. This is of course often in direct conflict with what the woman wishes and can precipitate heated exchanges leaving both the woman and doctor on call frustrated and emotional. Given that the reason for the terminations is often socio-economic (a reason for which most doctors would not do TOP's), these women present problems of conscience for many doctors." Ward, H.R.G., Are State Doctors in the Western Cape willing to implement the Choice of Termination of Pregnancy Act of 1996? An opinion survey conducted in the Western Cape in November 1997.

35. Protection of Conscience Project, Report 2001-01 (26 March, 2001) Re: College of Pharmacists of British Columbia- Conduct of the Ethics Advisory Committee.

36. "British Philosopher Advocates Right to Human Cloning: Proposal Generated by 'Mistaken Anthropology'". Zenit, Rome,19 January, 2001

37. "In a cover story for their Sunday magazine the Washington Post featured an 11-page profile of a lesbian couple that has done all they can to ensure their newborn son will be deaf . . ." Family Research Council News Release, Washington Post Profiles Lesbian Couple Seeking To Manufacture A Deaf Child. 1 April, 2002. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A23194-2002Mar27.html

38. In December, 2001, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in the United Kingdom announced that it would allow pre-implantation genetic diagnosis not only to screen in vitro embryos for the disease, but to identify an embryo whose umbilical cord blood can be used as a source of bone marrow or stem cells for an older sibling with a "severe or life threatening condition" for which other treatments and sources of tissue were unavailable.

39. Valpy, Michael, "Another choice?"Globe and Mail, 10 November 10, 2001

40. Canada's Assisted Human Reproduction Act was amended in committee to ensure that in vitro fertilization would be available to all women, including lesbians and single women.

41. An obstetrician who refused to perform artificial insemination on a lesbian patient is before the 4th District California Court of Appeal in San Diego defending herself against a civil suit. The doctor, a Christian, offered to provide fertility treatments and to care for her after she became pregnant, but would not provide artificial insemination because to inseminate a homosexual would conflict with her religious beliefs. For 11 months the doctor provided drug and hormone therapies as the patient tried self-insemination with sperm from a sperm bank. The obstetrician also performed diagnostic surgery on the patient to determine her suitability for artificial insemination, and referred her to another doctor to perform the procedure. However, the obstetrician and her colleagues declined to have the insemination occur in their clinic. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-mom18feb18,1,963360.story (Accessed 2004-03-12)

42. Catholic World News, Churches Condemn Teen Sex-Change Operation http://www.cwnews.com/news/viewstory.cfm?recnum=17012 (Accessed 2004-03-12)

43. Malugani, Megan, "Nurses, Social Workers May Have Role in Assisted Suicide, Ethics Panel Says: MDs Alone Are 'Not Sufficient' for Best Care". WebRN News, March 22, 2000 (Oakland, Calif.)

44. Medical body breaks euthanasia taboo (5 February, 2004) NZZ Online, http://www.nzz.ch/2004/02/05/english/page-synd4696720.html (Accessed 12 March, 2004)

45. Catholic Charities of Sacramento, Inc. v. The Superior Court of Sacramento County; Dept. of Managed Health Care et al, Real Parties in Interest. S099822, Ct.App. 3 C037025, Sacramento County Super. Ct. No. 00AS03942. Filed 3/1/04

46. Canning, Cheryl, "Doctor's faith under scrutiny: Barrie physician won't offer the pill, could lose his licence." The Barrie Examiner, 21 February, 2002

47. Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons Accommodates Christian Physician.

48. Mastromatteo, Mike, "Alberta Pharmacist Vindicated for Pro-Life Stand."The BC Catholic, 3 November, 2003.

49. Farah, Joseph, "Sacrificing human beings to save animals? PETA gives grants to develop use of embryos, alternative to rat tests" A9 2000 WorldNetDaily.com http://www.worldnetdaily.com/bluesky_exnews/20000110_xex_sacrificing_.shtml (Accessed 18 January, 2000)

50. Daily Express, 25 October, 2000. http://www.lineone.net/express/00/10/25/news/n1520_d.html (Accessed October, 2000)

51. Wetenschappelijke Vereniging van Vlaamse Huisartsen; Academisch Centrum voor Huisartsgeneeskunde van de Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; Vakgroep Huisartsgeneeskunde van de Universiteit Gent: Standpunt over medische beslissingen rond het levenseinde en euthanasie. Brussels - 4 December 2003. http://www.wvvh.be (Accessed 12 March, 2004)

52. "Human Experimentation On "Brain Dead" Encouraged By Cloners". Daily News Brief from Catholic World News, July 28, 2000

53. Doctors Drill into Patients' Heads in Placebo Surgery
http://www.independent.co.uk/atp/INDEPENDENT/NEWS/P5S4.html (Accessed 29 Sept., 1999)

54. The Times, 9 October, 2000

55. Protection of Conscience Project, Submission to the All-Party Oireachtais Committee on the Constitution (19 June, 2000)

56. Protection of Conscience Project, Submission to the Executive Council of the British Columbia Civil Liberties Association 19 September, 2000

57. Protection of Conscience Project, Submission to the Select Special Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act Review Committee (Alberta) 11 April, 2002.

58. Protection of Conscience Project, Report 2001-01 (26 March, 2001) Re: College of Pharmacists of British Columbia- Conduct of the Ethics Advisory Committee.

59. Protection of Conscience Project, Report 2000-01 (27 October, 2000) Re: Access to Abortion Services Act (British Columbia): Implications for conscientious objectors.

60. Protection of Conscience Project, Proposed changes to A Model Code of Ethics for Canadian Pharmacists Re: NAPRA Discussion Paper.

61. Project letter to The Rt. Honourable Allan Rock, Minister of Health (Canada) 10 December, 2001. Re: Assisted Human Reproduction Act (Draft)

62. Chesterton, G.K., The Napoleon of Notting Hill. Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Classics, 1996, p. 3

63. Benson, Iain T., "There are No Secular 'Unbelievers'". Centrepoints 7, Vol. 4, No. 1, Spring 2000, P. 3.